- Supply The Why: Difficult Conversations Season 4 Episode 3 Policing, Leadership and the Future
- Project Sapient Podcast E13: Leader or Boss?
- Embedding Our Values: Never a Better Time Than Now
- Difficult Conversations by Supply The Why Season 3 Episode 3 Warriors, Guardians or Are They One and The Same?
- Wellness for Warriors - Two amazing human beings who have been through so much, and go above and Beyond
- When One of us is Murdered: The Darkness A Project Sapient Podcast
- Project Sapient Podcast: Sheepdogs. HybridWolves. Crybabies | A Predator Hunting Predators
- "Supply The Why" Great Podcast Episode on Police Reform, Use of Force, Training and Development Discussed by a Great Panel
- Police Leadership: On Humility and the Dangers of Hubris
- Be You: Humility, Strength of Character and Swallowing Our Ego and Being Authentic Is Crucial To Sound Leadership
- Been Away From My Blog For a While...Time to Get Back At It!
- Supply The Why Doing Great Work Be Sure to Check Out This Episode
- Introduction to Scenario Learning: Guest Post Series with Michael Barr
- Auftragstaktik in One Simple Diagram by Chet Richards
- "Leaders Are Teachers": Great Insights on Leadership and Developing Your People from The Mentorship Forum
- Great Review Over at the The Mentorship Forum of My Favorite Resource on Developing Adaptability "Raising The Bar"
- Rethinking the Traditional Teacher-Student Relationship in Conflicts
- Command and Control During a Disaster: Podcast
- The Evolving Warfighter Sits Down with Don Vandergriff and Talks Mission Command
- Developing and Preparing Cops for the Adaptive Challenges of The Street: Instructors Roundtable Podcast Episode
- Unreflective Speed of Action...Do You Think Its Time Policing Reflects on the Tactical Influence of Time?
- Break It Down Show Podcast: Don Vandergriff - Mission Command, Trusting Your People, To Win
- I See You...Back Up! On The Call to Win in Crisis and in the Aftermath to Win in Life
- Technological Negation of Human Sexual Dimorphism: A Guest Post by Franklin C. Annis, EdD
- Guest Post Home Security Guide from Bank Rate
- Commonwealth Police Legacy Program of Instruction: Sound Decision Making for Cops
- Outstanding In Your Face and Much Needed Book Policing and It's Leaders Can Learn From
- THE TRUTH BEHIND RACIAL DISPARITIES IN FATAL POLICE SHOOTINGS: Great Research Every Cop and Every Citizen Should Read.
- Thought on Discipline: A Great Podcast Series from All Marine Radio, Every Police Leader Should Listen To
- Gary Klein – Cognitive Psychologist, Studies Decision Making in Crisis on The Break It Down Show..Outstanding Episode
- Tactical Decision Making Facilitation Guide Maj McBreen: The Lessons Transfer to Police Instruction as Well
- 4th Generation Warfare Interview and Yes There Are Lessons for Policing
- Keys to Training Excellence: Evidence Based Research Policing Can Use
- Adopting Mission Command: Developing Leaders for a Superior Command Culture by Don Vandergriff
- Lead Yourself First: Inspiring Leadership Through Solitude: Book Review
- PODCAST: Tactical Decision Games with Bruce Gudmundsson and Don Vandergriff
- Podcast: Human Factors and Officer-Involved Shootings
- Donald Robertson - Stoicism and Thinking Like a Roman Emperor
- Dr John Sullivan and MAJ John Spencer - The Complexity of Modern Urban War
- Great Podcast: The Courageous Police Leader – Combating Cowards, Chaos, and Lies
- Recommended Reading: Range: Why Generalists Triumph in a Specialized World
- Another Approach to Tactics Guest Post by Bert DuVernay
- LYNCH & KENNEY: react to clips of LtGen Van Riper’s “On Discipline” interview on All Marine Radio
- Outstanding Interview: ON DISCIPLINE: LtGen Paul K. Van Riper, USMC (ret)
- The Learning Insurgency: It’s an Evolution, not a Revolution By Donald E. Vandergriff
- On Policing a Free Society Episode 3: Toxic Bosses
- On Policing a Free Society Episode 2: Repairing Dysfunction in Police Organizations
- On Policing a Free Society Podcast: Episode 1 Dysfunctional Organizations and Their Impact On Response
- On Policing a Free Society with Fred Leland A New Podcast Coming in 2019
- Making Police Training Stick...and Learning How to Learn
- A New Conception of War: John Boyd The U.S. Marines and Maneuver Warfare
- Utilizing The Case Method: Some articles by Bruce Gudmundsson to Help Shed Some Light on How Too
- Use of Force Policy: Dispelling the Myths by Lexipol
- How to Make a Small Unit Decision Forcing Cases by Bruce Gudmundsson
- Facilitating Learning a Hybrid Of Methods to Effective Police Officer Development
- Why The OODA Loop Is Forever By Dan Grazier
- 15 Tips to Remember when Promoting a Growth Mindset in the Classroom: A Guest Post from USA Test Prep
- New Edition of Boyd’s Discourse on Winning and Losing by Grant Hammond
- My Book Review: On Tactics by B. A. Friedman
- Of Garbage Cans and Paradox: Reflexively Reviewing Design, Mission Command, and the Gray Zone:
- On Tactics: An Interview with B.A. Friedman
- Podcast Part 2 from Professional Military Education: John Boyd, Maneuver Warfare, and Marine Corps Doctrinal Publication-1
- Podcast from Professional Military Education: John Boyd, Maneuver Warfare, and Marine Corps Doctrinal Publication-1
- Walk,Sacrafice, Work ...Always Hungry Never Satified! What it Takes to Fight Complacency
- The Ten Deadly Errors, Plus...Failure to Learn, Failure to Anticipate and Failure to Adapt
- Turning Tragedy into Victory...We Must Start APPLYING LESSONS LEARNED
- Police Responses Demands Constant and Repeated Action...Throughout the Tactical Encounter
- All Police Actions Take Place in an Atmosphere of Uncertainty
- Adapt or Die: The Call for Police Reform...Is It Reasonable or Necessary?
- Force Science Assesses Proposed “Necessary” Deadly Force Standard
- Special Tactics Online Course Intro
- LESC is Honored to be Part of Special Tactics New Online Training Academy and Full-Featured, Professional Networking Site
- Leading Discussions and Facilitating Better Training Outcomes
- Police Leaders Mentoring and Coaching Their People: the Cornerstone to Top Performance in Crises
- Research: Adaptive Skill as the Conditio Sine Qua Non of Expertise
- Developing Adaptive Expertise: A Synthesis of Literature and Implications for Training
- How the Germans Defined Auftragstaktik: What Mission Command is - AND - is Not by Don Vandergriff
- Avioding Hostilities is the Goal But Sometimes to Gain The Advantage Reasonable Force Must Be Used
- Navigating Chaos: How to Find Certainty in Uncertain Situations
- The Protector Ethic: Morality, Virtue, and Ethics in the Martial Way
- Police Ethos:The Warrior and Guardian Mindset Are They Not One In the Same?
- Neighborhood Watch is Homeland Security at the Most Local Level
- Developing Police Sergeants: Getting the Outcomes and Measures of Effectiveness Right
- Col John Boyd's Patterns of Conflict Expanded to Policing Part 3: Disrupting an Adversary Using Soft and Hard Tactics
- Col John Boyd's Patterns of Conflict Expanded to Policing Part 2: Don't Just Be a Reactor..Be a Shaper Too!
- Col John Boyd's Patterns of Conflict Expanded to Policing Part 1
- Smart Tactics Takes Thinking Police Leaders...Leading Thinking Cops
- Wrestling With Delayed and Immediate Entry, Solo and Team Tactics...Are We Really Expecting All to Go as Rehersed?
- Guardian Joe: How Less Force Helps The Warrior
- Making It Safer: A Study of Law Enforement Fatalities Between 2010-2016
- Professional Reading and Development: It Doesn’t Give All the Answers, But It Lights What Is Often a Uncertain Path Ahead
- What Are The Force Multipliers That Allow Police Organizations to Operate at Rapid OODA Loop Tempos?
- Why Frontline Employees Should Make All Decisions:Lessons Police Can Learn From The Corporate Rebels
- What was Boyd Thinking and...What Can Policing Learn From It?
- Proper Mindset, Situational Awareness, Skill Proficiency and Physical Fitness: Force Multipliers of Great Value to Police
- Recognizing The Signs and Signals That Lead To Violent Acts At Our Schools and Making Collaborative Efforts to Prevent Them
- Adaptive Leader Program: Developing Thinking Leaders Who Lead Thinking Officers
- What Are Mission-Type Orders and How Do They Influence a More Effective Crisis Response?
- Tactics Are They More High Diddle, Diddle Straight Up the Middle the Devil Be Damned or Maneuver and Boyd Cycling an Adversary?
- There Are No School Solutions, Formulas or Recipes to School Shootings, so How Can We Develop Better Courses of Action?
- Great Break It Down Show Focus on School Shootings
- Developing Critically Needed Leadership: A Podcast on Mission Command Building Trust and Cohesion
- Powerful Facilitation: Two Critical Approaches
- Powerful Facilitation: Three Critical Competencies
- STARTING AND GROWING A NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH
- Adaptive Action: Leveraging Uncertainty In Your Organization a Book Review
- The Case Method In Developing Police: "Cold Calling" Will Have to Be Unambiguous
- The Biggest Obstacle to Tactical Progress… and How to Beat It
- Pete’s Combat Wish List Pt 2: Mental Models, Mistakes, Reflection and Learning on the Fly
- Pete’s Wish List for Combat Warriors. Perhaps Some Lessons for Poliicng as Well?
- What Affect Does the Human Dimension and Human Bias Have on Policing?
- What virtues are the most essential for a warrior to live by in order to prepare for, protect against and prevent violence?
- Exploring Criminal Justice Careers Check Out the Community for Accredited Online Schools
- A Great Break It Down Show Podcast on Interview and Interrogation: A Candid Straight Up Discussion
- Experiential Learning a Big Part of The New Recruit Officer Course In Massachusetts: Looks Promising!
- Run Out and Buy: Anatomy of a Warrior: The 7 Virtues All Warriors Must Live by to Successfully Protect and Serve
- Devising Solutions to Complex Police Problems: How Can We Get Better?
- Podcast with the Break It Down Show A Candid Discussion on Policing a Free Society, Mission Command and More
- Understanding Problems Range in Complexity and Designing Police Operations
- When it comes to Police Training, When is Good Enough, Not Good Enough?
- On The Job Training and Deliberately Framing Experience
- Police Officer Discretion…and Focusing Our Efforts on Better Outcomes
- Strength of Character: The Foundation of Working Together and Getting Things Done
- A free chapter from our new book now available on Amazon
- A Major Problem We Must Confront as Police Trainers and Students: How To Improve Performance?
- MISSION COMMAND THE WHO, WHAT, WHERE, WHEN AND WHY An Anthology
- Conflict and Crisis are Full of Friction: The Force That Makes the Apparently Easy so Difficult
- PODCAST: Don Vandergriff on Military Personnel Reform: The Ideas Discussed Can (SHOULD) be Adapted to Policing As Well!
- Fire Nobody! by Dave Smith
- Teaching United States Marine Instructors New Tricks: Developing Adaptability Through Experiential Learning
- The Why was born out of pain
- Inspiring People to Lifelong Learning & Impacting Their Ability to Make Sound Decisions
- We Can't Just Use the Same Mental Recipes Over and Over Again: In Police Training We Must Challenge The Prevailing Mindset
- Reflection Leads to Deeper Learning...Put Each Day Up For Review
- We Must Train and Educate Within an Uncertain Environment to Prepare to Adapt
- Defining Policing 's Training & Education Challenge...Some Ideas On Achieving High Levels of Professionalism
- Defensive Tactics for Today's Law Enforcement
- Uploading John Boyd: The Legend Delivering His Opus is Online...and is as Relevant as Ever
- Make Many Mistakes and Learn
- Is Your Purpose in Life Based on Self Awareness and Strength of Character or Are You Just Following the Crowd?
- An Officer’s Principal Weapon is His Mind: Professional Development In Policing
- Outstanding Manual: Law Enforcement Close Quarter Battle: Urban Tactics for Individuals, Teams and Tactical Units
- The Art of Police Training is the Ability to Move Officers Through the Fog and Complexity of Human Interaction
- Brian Willis Interviews Yours Truly on Teaching Adaptive Leadership
- The Police Leader's True Work: Train Them, Trust Them, Let Them Do Their Job
- Sir William Slim on His Leadership Motto: No Details, No Paper, And No Regrets
- The Grid: Is There Better Ways to Approach Police Interactions?
- Teaching Officers How to Think verses Telling Them What To Think
- Develop a Philosophy and Understanding of Crime Fighting and Problem Solving That Considers Complexities of Policing
- Unwarranted: Policing Without Permission Book Review
- Thinking Leaders, Leading Thinking People is the Adaptive Leaders Focus
- Take Policing From a Training Culture to a Learning Culture
- Are You Serving Those You Lead?
- Vehicle Stops Strategies and Tactics: Being Safe and Effective Is About Options, Not Best Practices
- Teaching Adaptability and Making Marines More Effective Trainers
- Break It Down Show Podcast: Better Understanding Policing and Why it Matters
- The Last 100 Yards Series: High Diddle, Diddle Straight Up the Middle or Maneuver: How Are Your Tactics, Officer?
- Police officers I beg you to please run out and buy this book! What a great tactical resource!
- Second Episode in This Podcast Series with Complete Emergency Managment: Leadership in Public Safety
- Podcast: I sit down with George Whitney of Complete EM and discuss: Active Shooters and After Actions
- Sir Robert Peels, Nine Key Principles of Policing: Fair and Impartial Policing Defined Back In 1829!
- Herman Goldstein, Fundamental Objectives of Policing: Are They Relevant Today? I Say Yes!
- Shaping and Adapting: Using the Environment (The Last Hundred Yards) To Unlock the Power of Colonel John Boyd’s OODA Loop
- Informative Fair and Impartial Podcast: Do the legal rules for using deadly force, still make sense?
- Crisis Intervention Teams & Police Interactions with People with Mental Illness: Evolving Tactics That Make a Difference
- How Does The Last Hundred Yards, Enhance Tactical Responses to Crises?
- Complacency and False Sense of Urgency: Why We Fail to Take Advantage of The Last Hundred Yards?
- The Last Hundred Yards: Operate On Blind Luck or Win Consistently?
- My Good Friend Coach Kevin Kearns talks with 5th & 6th graders about Vision
- Keeping The Peace in a Free Society Let Us Not Forget Why We Do What We Do
- How Do We Better Assess and Grade Decision Making and Adaptability in Those We Train?
- Types of Cases
- Report: Deadly Calls And Fatal Encounters
- Developing Individuals with the Ability to Work Together Solving Real World Problems
- Five-Year Study of Police Officer Deaths: RoboCops or Guardians?
- The role of humility in the Socratic method by Bruce Ivar Gudmundsson
- Keeping the Peace
- Experiential Learning Defined
- How We Learn Versus How We Think We Learn
- Reducing Violence is About Not Grabbing a Gun
- Boston PD & Boston Red Sox: Full Scale Complex Operating Environment Training Exercise
- Scouts in Contact Tactical Vignettes for Cavalry Leaders A Book of Tactical Decison Exercises for Cavalry Leaders
- What is the Mission and Intent of Policing a Free Society?
- Sound of Silence A Tribute to Policing and All Those Who Serve The Homeland
- Problem-Oriented Policing: Where Social Work Meets Law Enforcement
- Thoughts on Policing a Free Society: Altering Public Expectations
- Thoughts on Policing a Free Society: Rethinking Widely Held Assumptions Regarding Police Fuction
- Thoughts on Policing a Free Society: Our Failure to Concern Ourselves...
- Thoughts on Policing a Free Society
- Simon Sinek: Why Leaders Eat Last
- 8 Tips to Keep Your Home Wireless Network Secure From Hackers: a guest post from Wichly Cazeau
- John Boyd's Patterns of Conflict Part 3
- Engaging The Community and Making Meaningful and Lasting Change
- The Pre-Class Preparation Pyramid By Bruce Ivar Gudmundsson
- We All Lose When it's Us Verses Them!
- Facilatating The Adaptive Leader Program at The Army ROTC Leadership Conference at Harvard University
- A Break It Down Show Pod Cast: Paying Criminal Not to Commit Crimes or is There Something More to The Story?
- Harvard ROTC Leadership Conference
- A Discourse on Policing a Free Society
- We Made the Mandatory Reading for the US Army MPs
- Patterns of Conflict Pt 2
- Hand in Hand Project, a new initiative promoting dialogue and interaction between local police officers and young people
- How May We…Rebuild the Bridge Between The People and The Police?
- Why Adaptability Trumps Hierarchy?
- Military Reform Through Education: From The Straus Military Reform Project, Something We In Policing Can Learn From
- In Building Trust, Actions…Speak Louder Than Words!
- Somewhere Along the Way
- Taking It Personally
- The Facts of the Case By Bruce Ivar Gudmundsson
- J.J. DID TIE BUCKLE Traits I live By
- On Fitness: Learn from my weakness, my mistakes, and my bad habits
- Don’t Do It Alone: Developing a Shared Sense of Destiny Requires We’re all on the Same Sheet of Music
- Recommended Reading List From The California Association of Tactical Officers
- Values For A New Millennium: A Book That Will Help Bridge the Gap Between People and The Police
- Teaching Adaptability…and Firearms Training
- Simon Sinek: Why Reciprocity Improves Mentor Mentee Relationships
- Felix Nader Discusses The Value of Workplace Violence Prevention
- Breaking Down Police Work and How To Win at Low Cost: Part 2 Podcast Break It Down Show
- Boyd: Adapting Isn't Good Enough
- Simon Sinek on the responsibility that leaders have to create environments where people are more productive,and inspired
- The Hunting Story - the meaning of human equality
- Ethical Warriors with Jack Hoban
- Emotional Intelligence: Re-Thinking Police Community Relations by Mark Bond
- Approaching LE with the 'What's important now?' perspective
- Staying in control when a suspect is aggressive
- 10 Overlooked Truths About Taking Action
- Warriors vs. Praetorian Guard – Which Mindset Fits You Best? By Mike Ox
- ITOA News: Articles By John Farnam, Patrick Van Horne, Jeff Chudwin, Don Vandergriff, Yours Truly and More
- The importance of mindset in policing with Chip Huth
- A Discussion on Police Work and How to Win At Low Cost, Connecting The People and Police Gap
- Be Passionate, Back Up and Empower Your People, and You Will Get The Culture Right
- Why Are Shared Visions So Important?
- Technical Skill as a Component of Creativity by Bruce I. Gudmundsson
- I Am Spartacus…No I Am Spartacus: Is Your Police Organization United?
- The Demand For Autodidacts – The Self-Taught in an Age of Shrinking Budgets by Patrick Van Horne
- It’s How You Say What You Saw by Patrick Van Horne
- The Path of Don Vandergriff: A Discussion On Leadership, Learning organizations and Adaptability
- The Newhall Incident: Failure, Adaptation and Success…Or Lost Opportunity? Published in the latest ITOA News
- NYPD’s New Strategy for Dealing with Stressful Interactions, Absurd or Realistic?
- The Mind Can Be Convinced But The Heart Must Be Won
- Imagine a Police Culture Where People Wake Up Every Day Inspired to Go to Work
- Open Letter to President's Task Force on Policing by Louis Hayes
- The Blame Game: Who @#$%ed This Up?
- Breaking Down the Stranglehold of Formality
- Boyd and Beyond: From Marine Corps University to FBI National Academy Boyd' Ideas are Expanding
- From The Art of Manliness: John Boyd’s Roll Call: Do You Want to Be Someone or Do Something?
- Pamela Meyer: How to spot a liar
- The Case Method Increasing the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Marine Education by Captain Paul Tremblay Jr USMC
- Simon Sinek: If You Don't Understand People, You Don't Understand...
- Using Official Histories as Quarries for Case Materials By Bruce I. Gudmundsson
- Left of Bang By Patrick Van Horne and Jason Riley
- The Most Dangerous Weapon in Law Enforcement by Brian Willis
- Sizing Up Situations Is A Skill, We Need To Develop
- Change the Culture If I could Only Change One Thing by Don Vandergriff
- The Five Learning Disciplines
- Using Complete Stories in Decision Forcing Cases by Dr. Bruce I. Gudmundsson
- Newhall Shooting: A Tactical Analysis
- Tactical Decision Games, Obscure Information and Generating New Ways to Thrive in the Climate of Chaos and Uncertainty
- Calling on Cops in Class: An Anecdote for Developing Character, Confidence and Sound Tactical Decision Makers
- Solving Tactical Dilemmas with Indirect Experience (Education & Training) and White Castle Cases
- Ugly Police Force: Misunderstandings of Law & Human Factors by Lou Hayes
- Design and Facilitate, Decision Making Exercises Using The Sandwich Metaphor
- Strategic Rifleman: Key to More Moral Warfare by H. John Poole
- Developing Teamwork, Leadership Skills and Decision Makers with Case Study's "Washington's Crossing"
- FBI Report: A Study of Active Shooter Incidents in the United States
- The Art of Manliness Discusses...The Tao of Boyd: How to Master the OODA Loop
- Courage: The Backbone of Leadership by Gus Lee
- A Police Officers thoughts on the “Militarization” of our police forces.
- Cops With War Toys: Militarizing police is the worst way to fight crime.
- “Just the facts Ma’am”
- Re-Imagine the Way We Lead!
- A Milestone in Boydian Theory at the Tactical Level
- CASE STUDY: Ferguson Missouri shooting incident and aftermath by Louis Hayes
- What is Leadership?
- Use of Force Investigations: a Manual for Law Enforcement
- Do You Know How to Get Fullfillment?
- How Great Leaders Inspire Action
- Leaders Eat Last: Why Some Teams Pull Together and Others Don't
- Adaptive Leadership Handbook, Reviewed [by Mark Safranski, a.k.a. "zen"]
- Have We Not Learned Anything From History? Don Vandergriff's Book Review on American Spartan
- How Do We Inspire Action?
- Book Review: Rubicon: The Poetry of War
- Book Review: American Spartan
- Command Culture: Officer Education in the U.S. Army and the German Armed Forces, 1901-1940, and the Consequences for WWII
- What are the Basics? Developing for Mission Command by Donald E. Vandergriff
- IN COMMAND AND OUT OF CONTROL
- Adaptive Leadership By Charles “Sid” Heal and John R. Engbeck
- Why good leaders make you feel safe
- Guardians vs. Warriors: What it Takes to Win at Low Cost
- After Action Review on The Christopher Dorner Incident
- Adaptive Leader Program
- Crisis Meta-Leadership Lessons From the Boston Marathon Bombings Response: The Ingenuity of Swarm Intelligence
- Outstanding piece! The Myth of Mission Command by Don Vandergriff
- Cops or Soldiers?
- Situational Assessments: Being Mindful of What’s Important Now!
- Convinced or Committed?
- Discipline: The Lost Art of Leadership
- How Do We Develop Adaptability?
- Improve the Work…Develop the People
- Incident Strategy and Tactics: The Baby Diaper Analogy
- Adaptive Leaders …Develop Strength of Character
- How About Some Empathy, Please?
- Get Into the Sandbox, Think and Play and Let’s Inspire… Adaptability
- Stoning The Gatekeepers: Is It Not Time Society Attempts To Better Understand Police Use of Force?
- First-Line Supervisors Do The Most Important Training
- Why Tactical Decision Games? Because They Challenge The Status Quo & Emphasize Tactical Options In Developing Courses of Action.
- Why Does Understanding The OODA Loop Matter to Cops?
- How Do You Develop Strength of Character and Adaptive Leaders?
- Adaptive Leadership Handbook: Innovative Ways to Teach and Develop Your People
- Don’t Fear Failure; Instead Make Failure Your Classroom
- In Forging Adaptability…Distinguish Technical Problems from Adaptive Challenges
- The Doctor in SWAT School (and What His Performance Says About Police Culture)
- Designing Law Enforcement: Adaptive Strategies for the Complex Environment by John A. Bertetto
- Guest Post: Toward a Police Ethos: Defining Our Values as a Call to Action by John Bertetto
- Adaptability is Key in Handling Crisis Situations…Be In Command and Out Of Control
- For Meaningful Lasting Results, Get Into the Weeds…and Identify Root Causes
- Want to get better and be safer? Debrief!
- How to Forge Adaptability in Police Leaders and Culture
- Adaptive Leadership is Purposeful Learning in Real Time
- Book Review: The Practice of Adaptive Leadership: Tools and Tactics for Changing Your Organization and The World
- Growing Leaders Who Practice Mission Command and Win the Peace, Lt. Col. Douglas A. Pryer, U.S. Army
- Achieving Greatness by Giving Control and Creating Leaders
- Choosing Adaptability by Gary Gagliardi and The Science of Strategy Institute
- The Review of Boyd & Beyond 2013…..
- Have You Thought About Why You Choose To Lead?
- Incident Command: the big picture by Louis Hayes
- Understanding the OODA Loop by Derek Stephens
- The Cops Amaze Me by Bob Lonsberry
- I Am An Optimist. It Does Not Seem Too Much Use Being Anything Else!
- Mike Rayburn Asks...What Makes A Good Street Cop?
- Fighting the good fight with moral clarity by Lt. Dan Marcou
- Are Gated Communities Really Secure?
- Top 25 Criminal Justice Blogs We made the list at # 3
- Incident Command: the team cohesion aspect of the SitRep
- Book Review: Always Picked Last: Conquering the Bullies: A Guide To Finding Your Way in Life…
- To Continuously Improve We Must Set Boundaries and Expectations
- Elite Performance...Takes WORK? Say it ain't so!
- Create Your Fantasy Island Organizational Culture by Tracey Richardson
- Have You Stopped a Car Today? Improving Patrols Tactical Effectiveness with Vehicle Stops
- Incident Command: Communicating the Situation and Location By Louis Hayes
- Incident Command: a problem-solving approach By Louis Hayes
- SWAT Cop Says American Neighborhoods Are 'Battlefields,' Claims Cops Face Same Dangers As Soldiers In Afghanistan
- Overmilitarization: Why Law Enforcement Needs to Scale Down Its Use of Military Hardware and Tactics By Evan Bernick
- John Boyd’s Art of War Why our greatest military theorist only made colonel. By William S. Lind
- Police militarization and rise of the warrior journalist by Lance Eldridge
- Strategic Studies Institute: Cartel Car Bombings in Mexico Authored by Dr. Robert J. Bunker, Mr. John P. Sullivan
- To Strengthen And Preserve Cohesion Your Values...Equal Their Values
- Another Must Read Book From Don Vandergriff: "The Path To Victory" Revised Kindle Version with a new foreword
- Safe Streets, Overruled By Heather McDonald of the City Journal
- Must Read Book On Leader Development, Updated Kindle Addition: Don Vandergriff's, Raising The Bar:
- Brian Willis Offers Great Info on Defeating...The Enemy Of Innovation
- Police militarization and the Ethical Warrior By Jack E. Hoban & Bruce J. Gourlie
- “A Way” To Develop a Toxic Leader: How We as Leaders Create Our Own Monsters
- The Guy Behind the Guy, Behind the Guy: A Case for Taking our Roles More Seriously
- Flatenning the Decision Cycle in Tactical Units
- Tactical Supervision: Coaches and Chessplayers: Guest Post By Louis Hayes
- To effectively function in the initial, chaotic stages of a crisis, develop adaptive leaders
- FEAR VS COURAGE: IT'S YOUR CHOICE By Danny Cox
- Skid Row Terrorist
- Col John Boyd: Question and Answer Video
- Great Piece on Adaptability by Brian Willis: The Dinosaur versus The Cockroach Training Model
- The Psychotic Militarization of Law Enforcement
- The Missing Piece of NIMS: Teaching Incident Commanders How to Function in the Edge of Chaos by Police Chief, Cynthia Renaud
- The Human Problem? by Frank Borelli an Officer.com article
- From Police One 3 techniques for controlling your brain with Chief Joel F. Shults, Ed.D.
- Great Article From Police One with Val Van Brocklin: How to create 'fierce followers' in law enforcement
- Deadly Force: Have We Lost Our Senses? Guest Post by Louis Hayes
- Tactical Philosophy 101 A Guest Post by Louis Hayes
- Leadership in Unconventional Crises
- Unconventional Crises, Unconventional Responses: Reforming Leadership in the Age of Catastrophic Crises and “Hyper complexity”
- JOHN BOYD WAS A PATRIOT, A MORAL LEADER, AND A BONAFIDE VISIONARY. AND YES, HE WAS A MAVERICK.
- Force Science Research Study: The Influence of Officer Positioning on Movement During a Threatening Traffic Stop Scenario
- Guest Post: Adaptive Decision-Making by Sid Heal
- “More Better,” Ideals, and To Be or To Do: Guest Post by Scott Shipman
- Learning Like an Expert: A Guest Post by Marshall Wallace
- What Represents a High Level of Professionalism?
- This Memorial Day Remember: The Path of The Warrior
- School Security: Sharing and Enhancing Best Practices
- Guest Post by Michael G. Moore: Boyd's Snowmobile ...or what made Alexander “The Great”
- Coffee Pots and Baseball Bats: Household Items Offer Protection
- Learning to Adapt With A Professional Reading Program
- Boyd and Beyond 2013
- Guest Post by Tyana Daley: Developing Law Enforcement Leaders and Nurturing Smart Thinkers
- Somewhere Between Born and Made: Where Good Leaders Come From
- Is Today Your Day?
- Guest Post by John Demand: “You look for the bomb…we look for the bomber”
- What Do OODA Loop’s Mean to the Street Cop, Wanting To Become “World Class” Tacticians?
- The Psychology of a Boston Marathon Terrorist: 10 Questions for a Retired Marine
- Watching Boston “Work Together” Made Me Proud to Be a Police Officer
- What Makes a "World Class" Tactically Proficient Peacekeeper?
- Tactical Decision Games to Increase Speed and Maturity of Problem Solving: The Lessons Learned
- The Path to Better Execution in Seeing, Understanding and Solving Complex Problems is a Learning Organization
- A Systemic Concept for Operational Design: a Robust Tool Law Enforcement Should Use in Preparing for Chaotic Crisis
- How shift debriefings can improve officer safety Published at P1
- Boyd and Beyond Boston 2013: Balancing Pursuasion and Force in The Moral, Mental and Physical Dimensions of Conflict
- Don Vandergriff, Discusses: Misinterpretation and Confusion: What is Mission Command?
- Huddling-Up To Acheive Successful Law Enforcement Outcomes
- Building Cohesive Law Enforcement Agencies That Can Decide In Crisis Situations
- Mistakes ultimately ended ex-LA cop's rampage
- Red Teaming The Workplace Violence Shooter and The "MR. Uncomfortable Factor"
- Top 30 Criminal Justice Blogs of 2012 : LESC is Number 5!
- Showing Up Is Overrated. Necessary But Not Nearly Sufficient. Can Taking An "Interest" In What You Do Enhance Performance?
- Handling Dynamic Encounters...Go Get Him, Or Set Him Up To Get Him...With An Adaptable Response
- Shift Debriefings: How Can We Be More Deliberate, More Disciplined, and More Thorough in our Approach to Learning?
- AOW Card Deck Lesson 6: Provoke Your Adversary’s Reaction
- Does Mass Violence Unfold Randomly and Chaotic or is There Hidden Order We Can Leverage in Our Prevention Efforts?
- Police One Column: 13 questions to answer in 2013: What has 2012 taught you about officer safety and effectiveness?
- Take Small Steps, Towards, Lifelong Learning In 2013
- Positive Adaptive Leadership...Tools and Tips and Critical Questions To Explore in 2013 Inspired by Many Of Those I Follow
- AOW Card Deck Lesson 5: Sheath Your Sword
- AOW Card Deck Lesson 4: Score A Small Victory Along The Way
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Guest Post: Toward a Police Ethos: Defining Our Values as a Call to Action by John Bertetto
Submitted by Fred on Mon, 12/02/2013 - 9:53pm.
Policing and the Community in the 21st Century
The last two decades have seen the rise in numerous, so-called “alternate” policing strategies (Kelling & Coles, 1997). Developed primarily in the classroom, these strategies include titles such as “Community Policing,” “Broken Windows Policing,” “Third Party Policing,” and “Pulling Levers Policing,” among others (Weisburd &Braga, 2006). At their core, these strategies share two primary purposes. First, they aim at the reduction of crime and disorder through a concerted reconnection and partnership with various civic organizations. Second, they are a subtle backlash at the dominant Professional Policing Model espoused and followed by most police departments in the preceding decades (Kelling & Coles, 1997).
Despite the shortcomings of each of these strategies, the aforementioned two purposes are valid points. History shows that the un-policed model of Professional Policing inevitably ends in failure (Blue Ribbon Rampart Review Panel, 2006; Weisburd & Braga, 2006). The shockwaves from these failures are damaging to both the organization and the community and can take decades to dissipate.
The fact that these strategies have come from academia, however, has created another criticism—this one coming from within police departments. The belief is that it takes an officer’s understanding of the street and the police culture to formulate policing strategies that are both safe and effective. Consequently, these new strategies find as their harshest critics the officers who are expected to execute them. This is a lose-lose-lose scenario. Academics and policy strategists lose out on an honest evaluation of alternative policing strategies; police lose out on the opportunity to find new solutions to existing problems; and the community loses the chance to see real and effective improvements in crime and safety.
As policing continues into the 21st century, the police officer must change as well. Technological advances require officers to be both intelligent and adaptive to change. The previously mentioned policing strategies require officers to expand upon their traditional role as law enforcement agents and include the roles of social worker and problem solver. These expanded duties increase the knowledge requirements for police officers. As new technology and new policing strategies evolve into the future, this requirement can only be expected to grow as well.
It is here, then, that a new need arises. Crime continues to grow and invade the safety of the community. As we develop officers’ capacity for social awareness, community relationship building, and problem solving, we must also continue to prepare and develop their capacity to face the rigorous challenges and dangers of law enforcement. We must create a true ethos.
Ethos Defined
Ethos is defined as “the character or values peculiar to a specific person, people, culture, or movement” (Buckingham, 1999, p. 4). A culture is derived from the ethos a person or group develops over time. What this definition is lacking, however, is a clear description of what those character traits or values are. It is incumbent on us, then, to clearly define our values as police. In doing so, we not only better understand who we are, but who we want to be. Most importantly, we can use this understanding to create a clear Police Ethos. The Police Ethos not only becomes a clear description of who we are, but it provides a clear set of values we can pass on to the next generation of officers. Though strategies may change, and administrations may come and go, our Police Ethos will never change. It has the ability to weather change and is rock solid, becoming the Gibraltar of what it means to be a police officer.
Change and the Police Ethos
As changes are made to the strategies that police officers’ use, and as technological changes and shifts in social thinking occur, it may be asked whether a Police Ethos is needed. Is the notion of a Police Ethos archaic and negated by these changes? The answer is clearly “No.”
Changing strategies in no way affect the police officers’ fundamental role of law enforcement. As long as crime is committed, officers will still need to patrol the streets, respond to calls for service, and apprehend offenders. Additional roles may be added to the duties of the officer, but the requirement to locate and apprehend offenders will remain.
Second, advances in technology neither demand nor warrant the absence of a defined Police Ethos. Technology plays no role in the value set of police culture. Furthermore, though technology may assist the police officer in the performance of the officer’s duties, it cannot make the critical and ethical decisions that officers must make during the performance of their duties. Though technology may help identify and record criminal activity, apprehension must still be performed by officers placing offenders into custody.
Finally, sociological and psychological examination of the factors which may influence or cause criminal activity in no way affects officers engaged in the performance of their law enforcement duties. Police officers are not responsible, ultimately, for the alleviation of social ills. Officers most often deal with the terminal results of these ills. As debate continues regarding the social causes of crime, crime itself still exists. Officers will still be required to be on the street confronting and securing offenders. Changes in social theory do not affect this, and, thus, do not alleviate the need for a defined Police Ethos.
Distinctive Traits
In his study entitled The Warrior Ethos, Major David W. Buckingham (1999) endeavored to identify and isolate what he termed “warrior distinctives” (p. 20). Buckingham defined these “distinctives” as a facet of character or a value that research repeatedly demonstrates as necessary for combat effectiveness but that is distinctive from civilian society. He identified five traits:
- Discipline
- Cohesion
- Sacrifice
- Strength
- Authority
Though the purpose of Major Buckingham’s research was to identify traits distinctive to the military and it’s Warrior Ethos, the traits he describes are not unique to military application. Rather, these traits are equally valuable for policing and should be given further consideration.
Discipline
Discipline is defined as “controlled behavior resulting from training” and “a state of order based on submission to rules and authority” (Buckingham, 1999, p. 21). Typically, a behavior is a learned response. In the case of both this definition and policing, this behavior is not only the result of training, but the individual retains full control of their behavior as a result of the training. The work of the police officer is governed by both law and by department regulations, and the officer utilizes the authority granted by these to maintain order of both the officer him- or herself and the community.
Discipline is both an individual as well as a group trait. The officer who maintains personal physical fitness and who visits the firing range using personal time displays the type of controlled behavior that defines individual discipline. The commander who ensures that officers are adequately trained and equipped, and who ensures that officers are performing their duties in accordance with established regulations, creates and maintains the type of controlled behavior that defines group discipline.
Discipline exists in other professions and activities, but the type of discipline required and exhibited by police officers is distinctive. Unlike other professions, police officers are never “off-duty.” The training requirements to become a police officer, and the resultant controlled behavior, are much more rigorous than almost any other civilian job. Officers are held to a higher standard for their conduct both on- and off-duty. It is the strict adherence to training that best protects the police officer from attack and injury. The discipline needed for the police officer at both the individual and team level is unique.
Cohesion
Cohesion has two meanings: it is both the process of two or more elements cohering, and it is the end result of two or more elements that are held together. For police officers, both of these meanings should be understood and their actualization strived for. What are the forces that create cohesion? In the end, it is the shared hardship that pulls police together—the shared hardship of training, the shared hardship of duty, and the shared hardship of service. It is the often unspoken shared familiarity of standing in the rain or snow, or running down a dark alley. Sometimes, it is the shared hardship of loss. While it may be reflexive to seek to alleviate hardship, it should be understood that it is the very thing that drives cohesion. Shared hardship forges bonds between individuals, the strength of which are determined by the degree of severity. While it is not the goal of leaders to create artificial hardships to attempt to create cohesion, a plan that ultimately does not work (Buchholz & Roth, 1987), the mutual trust between those who have shared hardships is not easily shaken.
As well as a process, cohesion is a state of being. Units that have cohesion actively strive to work together. They intuitively understand that their strength is in their combined efforts, and they give to one another selflessly. Their mutual trust guarantees that their efforts will not go unrewarded.
While it has been en vogue for some time in the civilian world to participate in “team building excursions” as an attempt to create cohesion, none of these efforts will match the cohesive possibilities of police officers. Police work is distinctive primarily because of the danger to life that the work entails. As the potential for injury or death grows, so grows the potential for cohesion. It is this reason why so many civilian attempts to create cohesion fail—there is no real danger to any of the participants.
Sacrifice
For police officers, the job itself entails many sacrifices unknown in civilian vocations. The officer’s willingness to sacrifice their own personal desires for the sake of the community is a cornerstone of the Police Ethos. Police officers sacrifice time with their families, working around the clock as well as on holidays, as a result of their profession. Police officers also know that their service may require the ultimate sacrifice—their lives.
There is sacrifice within the organizational design of policing. By virtue of the rank structure inherent to police departments, officers sacrifice a degree of personal autonomy, willfully taking direction and orders from those of higher rank. Personal freedom is also sacrificed by the adherence to uniform guidelines. These sacrifices, taken in total, are distinctive to police officers.
Strength
Strength is the ability to resist stress or strain. Strength can take two primary forms for the police officer: (1) strength of character and (2) physical strength.
Police officers are beset from all angles by attempts on their strength of character. The job itself is mentally demanding, requiring the officer’s full focus and attention to detail. Miscalculations or inattentiveness can cost lives. Officers are most often witness to the most disparate moments in people’s lives. The repeated viewing of this cruelty can affect the strength of the officer’s character. Police officers must develop the strength to witness and process these events, moving forward and remaining focused on the organizational mission and the well-being of those whom they continue to serve.
Through their actions, criminals have proven a disregard for others and a singular focus upon themselves. They will often say or attempt anything to secure their own escape from justice. Criminals are not above attempting to make officers party to their own escape or to the continuation of their illegal activities—that is, to turning a “blind eye.” Police officers must have the moral strength to resist these temptations.
Officers must also possess the strength of character to persevere. However trying an incident may be, the police officer must never quit. The safety of the community demands it. The lives and safety of fellow officers demands it. Commitment to duty and honor demands it. The police officer must possess and maintain the physical strength required to perform the job. This includes the ability to run after offenders, scale fences and walls, and subdue resistant offenders, but it is certainly not limited to these activities.
Police officers must maintain a particular level of physical strength and fitness to maintain a command presence. Officers must convey by their physical presence that they have the ability to complete any task assigned to them. A police officer’s physical strength must tell the community not only that they care about them but that they care about themselves as well. The uniform is not just an identifier of the officer’s profession; it is also an obligation. It obliges the officer who wears it to have both the character strength and physical strength to honor the office which the uniform represents. Though other professions exist which require character and physical strength, these particular demands are distinctive to police officers.
Authority
Authority is the right or power to give commands, enforce obedience, or to take action. Officers have the legal authority to deprive individuals of their freedom of movement while conducting investigations and effecting arrests. Certainly these authorities are not granted, nor exercised, lightly. Due to the breadth of authority police officers are granted, it is a trait distinctive to its profession.
While it is the primary duty of police officers to execute their legal authority, it is their primary responsibility to execute their moral authority. With the wide powers granted by legal authority, it is incumbent upon officers to ensure that this authority is not used for personal benefit. The exercise of authority, both legal and moral, is the fundamental basis for action by police officers.
Not only must authority be exercised properly, but it must also be submitted to respectfully. With rank comes increased authority, including the authority over subordinate officers. For departmental supervisors and leaders, this acknowledgement of authority over officers must always be tempered with the knowledge that they are also responsible for the conduct and safety of their subordinates. While the departmental mission must come first, supervisors and leaders must recognize that they cannot put their people in the way of undue harm. With authority, there is responsibility—not just up the chain of command but down as well.
Similarly, those officers who are subordinate by rank must be willing to submit to authority. This does not mean that officers are subjected to the whims of their superiors, but it does mean adherence to proper procedures for the performance of duties. The respectful submission to authority by police officers is as critical to the overall success of the departmental mission as the exercise of authority is.
Warrior Ethos and Warrior Police
For some time, the military has had a clearly stated Warrior Ethos. Through this simple declaration, they make clear their core values. Police departments have often tried to do similar feats, creating mission statements or providing lists of values in the form of acronyms. Undoubtedly, these are beneficial practices. However, no formally labeled and committed Police Ethos has been presented. This most likely is due to confusion over what exactly is an “ethos” for police officers and its confusion with what some have often referred to as Warrior Police.
The police officer is pressured from many angles. Most notably, these pressures come from the criminal element itself. Though statistics show that violent crime and felonious assaults against police officers are slowly declining, criminals remain more violent and better armed than at any other time in American law enforcement. Respect for police is at a low due to societal changes and various police scandals. Too often, communities within large cities resemble war zones, with criminals forcing residents to hide within their homes. The police are vocally encouraged by both the community and from within to be proactive, creating innovative and often aggressive strategies for combating crime and violence. At some point, the statement is made that police need to be, like the military and their Warrior Ethos, warriors themselves. Without realizing it, however, this statement can set up departments for tremendous failure.
Our communities are not war zones. When the comparison between military “warriors” and police officers is made, it invariably leads to an ever-increasing level of tactical aggression by officers. Police officers may begin to see their role as subjugator and the entirety of a community as “the enemy.” This effect has been studied in Los Angeles after the scandal in the Rampart Division which occurred during the 1990s.
As part of Los Angeles Police Department’s Consent Decree, a panel was created to investigate the circumstances which led to the Rampart scandal with the goal to determine how obvious warning signs were missed. Among their findings they noted two primary drivers that led to the scandal: (1) the department’s encouragement of a “gunslinger” mindset and (2) the pressure to bring about dramatic reductions in violent crime that created a “no holds barred” strategy (Blue Ribbon Rampart Review Panel, 2006). In short, officers were encouraged to view themselves as “warriors,” and supervisors often turned a blind eye to excesses so that their officers could bring in arrests.
Police departments must, to a certain degree, encourage aggressive policing in their officers. As crime continues and, in some areas, worsens, officers must be mentally prepared to actively seek out and stop criminals. The mission must remain the primary focus. However, the streets of our communities are not battlefields. To encourage this mindset sets the stage for a lack of empathy that only deepens the gulf of the “us vs. them” mentality. As officers are encouraged to see themselves as besieged warriors fighting against an entrenched enemy, the potential for abuse can grow until actualized. This danger must be recognized. The understanding of what a Warrior Ethos is, and by extension creating a Police Ethos, becomes critical in this avoidance. A Police Ethos provides for a statement of values while calling for action.
The Police Ethos
As previously stated, the notion of a Police Ethos is values in action. The ethos must be statements of our core beliefs as law enforcement officers and, therefore, should be universally applicable for every agency. They must also be motivational; they must command our officers into action while reaffirming purpose and direction. They are statements of who we are:
I Will Always Place the Needs of the Community Before My Own.
I Will Always Preserve the Honor and Integrity of the Police Officer.
I Will Never Accept Defeat.
I Will Never Quit.
I Will Never Fail My Fellow Officer.
I Will Always Place the Needs of the Community Before My Own.
This ethos statement is a reminder that our primary mission is to ensure the safety and security of the communities we serve. It reminds us that we are employed by them. The community is not the obstacle to our mission, it is our mission. Before we see to our own needs, we must first attend to theirs.
Though our mission is to ensure the safety of the community before our own, this does not mean that we are reckless. As has often been said, though, we run to the sound of gunfire while others run away. It is this spirit that this ethos statement claims.
I Will Always Preserve the Honor and Integrity of the Police Officer.
Acceptance of the duties of an officer itself is a display of honor. As we are well aware, the job is a difficult one, set with danger and difficult working conditions. The personal decision to become an officer remains at its core an altruistic one and, therefore, indicates the type of honor inherent in every law enforcement officer. One key to successfully achieving the above ethos statement is to remember this selfless decision, even as the years go by.
As officers, we remain under the public’s watchful eye. The increased presence of security cameras, dashboard cameras, and cell-phone video recorders guarantee that our actions will always be available for review. This does not matter, though, because this ethos statement reminds us that our actions are always honorable and that we always act with the highest degree of integrity and personal ethics. As officers, our actions are unbiased, and we enforce the laws fairly and impartially. Officers will take no action that may reflect negatively upon not only their own honor and integrity, but upon the honor and integrity of their office or their profession.
I Will Never Accept Defeat; I Will Never Quit.
At first glance, these two statements appear redundant. They are not identical. In order to be defeated, an event must have come to some conclusion. For officers, this may mean an individual investigation, or it may mean a specific trial. It may refer to the pursuit of an offender who has, at present, eluded us. An officer does not accept defeat. An officer will continue to seek new avenues for success, new investigative angles to pursue, or new corners to search. If an action has been quit, it was done so during an event. This is the difference between defeat and quit. The former occurs after an event has concluded; the latter occurs during the course of the event. Officers will never quit. They will pursue an offender tirelessly, be that pursuit a paper investigation or a foot chase.
The most critical aspect of these two ethos statements, however, is not their definitions or their subtle differences. Rather, it is the one thing they share. Both represent conscious decisions. An individual must decide to be defeated and an individual must decide to quit. By making these two ethos statements, we do two things. First, we remove the decision from the officer. Secondly, we shine a light upon these two decisions so that supervisors and commanders may recognize them. Part of continued officer training can be the reinforcement of these two ethos statements, conditioning officers to never have as part of their decision-making processes the notion of defeat or quitting.
I Will Never Fail My Fellow Officer.
Officers must rely on each other. We back each other up on the street and come to each other’s aid in times of personal need. Despite any personal differences officers may have toward one another, these are forgotten when help is needed.
This statement is the last, however, for a purpose. Failure to live up to the preceding ethos statements is a failure to your fellow officers. If an officer puts themselves and their benefit before the community, if an officer lacks integrity, if an officer accepts defeat or quits, then the officer has failed their fellow officers. Every officer must live the Police Ethos or they have failed their fellow officers. This statement makes it clear: failure in any form is not an option.
Conclusion
An ethos is a statement of core values by which a culture is defined. We have seen how the traits distinctive to law enforcement provide support for the notion of a dedicated Police Ethos. The confusion of a Warrior Ethos and the notion of a Warrior Police can create a cycle of increasing separation of police from the communities they serve. It is this confusion that can encourage the type of “gunslinger” attitude that leads to disastrous incidents like the one Los Angeles suffered. The creation of a formal Police Ethos can eliminate this confusion. By confirming the core values of the police officer in a true Police Ethos, the essence of the warrior spirit can be captured while simultaneously affirming the honor and integrity inherent in our chosen profession.
Bibliography
Blue Ribbon Rampart Review Panel. (2006). Rampart reconsidered: The search for real reform seven years later. Los Angeles: Rice.
Buchholz, S., & Roth, T. (1987). Creating the high performance team. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Buckingham, D. W. (1999). The warrior ethos. Newport, RI: Naval War College.
Kelling, G., & Coles, C. (1997). Fixing broken windows. New York: Simon &Schuster.
Weisburd, D., & Braga, A. A. (Eds.). (2006). Police innovation: Contrasting perspectives. New York: Cambridge University Press.
John A. Bertetto is a sworn member of the Chicago Police Department. He is the author of “Counter-Gang Strategy: Adapted COIN in Policing Criminal Street Gangs,” “Countering Criminal Street Gangs: Lessons from the Counterinsurgent Battlespace,” and “Designing Law Enforcement: Adaptive Strategies for the Complex Environment.” Officer Bertetto holds a Master of Science degree from Western Illinois University and a Master of Business Administration from St. Xavier University.
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